Ear, Nose & Throat

Fungal infections are commonly encountered in the ear, nose and/or paranasal sinuses and throat. The common problems include:

>>  Otitis externa

>>  Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis

>>  Oral and pharyngeal candidiasis

Less common problems include: 

>>  Fungus ball of the sinuses (maxillary or sphenoid) 

>>  Laryngeal candidiasis (or other fungus, including Aspergillus, Coccidioides, Histoplasma) 

>>  Invasive Aspergillus otitis

>>  Granulomatous Aspergillus sinusitis

In immunocompromised patients, invasive fungal sinusitis, usually caused by Aspergillus spp. or Mucorales, occurs, especially in those with leukaemia or following haematopoietic stem cell transplantation.